Association of thyroid disorders with gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

The current meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A comprehensive search from PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases until November 2020 was conducted. Fixed-effect model was used to combine the results when I2 was 50%. A total of 44 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Low FT4 levels were closely related with GDM in the first and second trimesters of gestation. Hypothyroxinemia (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.68; P