Modeling and analysis of synchronous machines

Chapter 4 reviews non-sinusoidal operation and harmonic models of synchronous machines: electrical and mechanical equations and their model in dq0-coordinates suitable for sinusoidal operation, phasor diagrams and magnetic-field solutions to determine model inductances with or without saliencies. Behaviour of synchronous machines under various commonly occurring faults, e.g., balanced and unbalanced short-circuits, out-of-phase synchronization, and reclosing is analysed. Neodymium-iron-boron permanent-magnet machines are studied. Guidelines for flux- and current-density values are given. Switched-reluctance machine fields and the calculation of forces based on the Maxwell/Stratton/Reichert stress conclude this part, where the winding forces of a synchronous generator during short-circuit are presented. The influence of harmonics and various harmonic models of synchronous machines are explained. 16 application examples with solutions and 17 application-oriented problems are listed.