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Deiminated proteins and extracellular vesicles as novel biomarkers in pinnipeds: Grey seal (Halichoerus gryptus) and harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)
- Source :
- Biochimie. :79-90
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are phylogenetically conserved calcium-dependent enzymes which post-translationally convert arginine into citrulline in target proteins in an irreversible manner, leading to functional and structural changes in target proteins. Protein deimination can cause the generation of neo-epitopes, affect gene regulation and also allow for protein moonlighting and therefore facilitate multifaceted functions of the same protein. PADs are furthermore a key regulator of cellular release of extracellular vesicle (EVs), which are found in most body fluids and participate in cellular communication via transfer of cargo proteins and genetic material. In this study, post-translationally deiminated proteins and EVs were assessed in sera of two seal species, grey seal and harbour seal. We report a poly-dispersed population of serum-EVs, which were positive for phylogenetically conserved EV-specific markers and characterised by transmission electron microscopy. A number of deiminated proteins critical for immune and metabolic functions were identified in the seal sera and varied somewhat between the two species under study, while some targets were in common. EV profiles of the seal sera further revealed that key microRNAs for inflammation, immunity and hypoxia also vary between the two species. Protein deimination and EVs profiles may be useful biomarkers for assessing health status of sea mammals, which face environmental challenges, including opportunistic infection, pollution and shifting habitat due to global warming.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Protein moonlighting
Population
Phoca
Biochemistry
Seal (mechanical)
Extracellular Vesicles
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs)
protein deimination
Grey seal (Halichoerus gryptus)
Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)
extracellular vesicles (EVs)
immunity
metabolism
microRNA
Citrulline
Animals
education
Regulation of gene expression
education.field_of_study
030102 biochemistry & molecular biology
biology
Citrullination
General Medicine
Extracellular vesicle
biology.organism_classification
Cell biology
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Protein-Arginine Deiminases
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03009084
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Biochimie
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....fd275b7fc832e47b28bc6723c7902f6b