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The Role of NADPH Oxidases and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 19, Iss 12, p 3824 (2018)
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2018.
-
Abstract
- For a number of years, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) was synonymous with NOX2/gp91phox and was considered to be a peculiarity of professional phagocytic cells. Over the last decade, several more homologs have been identified and based on current research, the NOX family consists of NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1 and DUOX2 enzymes. NOXs are electron transporting membrane proteins that are responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation—primarily superoxide anion (O2●−), although hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can also be generated. Elevated ROS leads to oxidative stress (OS), which has been associated with a myriad of inflammatory and degenerative pathologies. Interestingly, OS is also the commonality in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). NOX enzymes are expressed in neurons, glial cells and cerebrovascular endothelial cells. NOX-mediated OS is identified as one of the main causes of cerebrovascular damage in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms linking NOX activity, OS and neurodegenerative diseases, with particular focus on the neurovascular component of these conditions. We conclude highlighting current challenges and future opportunities to combat age-related neurodegenerative disorders by targeting NOXs.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Review
medicine.disease_cause
lcsh:Chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Medicine
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
chemistry.chemical_classification
reactive oxygen species
biology
Superoxide
NOX4
Neurodegenerative Diseases
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
NOX1
cardiovascular system
Alzheimer’s disease
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
circulatory and respiratory physiology
Amyloid beta
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Animals
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Reactive oxygen species
Amyloid beta-Peptides
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
NADPH Oxidases
medicine.disease
amyloid beta
Oxidative Stress
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
chemistry
Cancer research
biology.protein
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Oxidative stress
dementia
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 19
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....fd1c1e077ba639e52b3cedbaa0f8fe8d