The Gene Encoding the Mitogen-responsive Phosphoprotein Dab2 Is Differentially Regulated by GATA-6 and GATA-4 in the Visceral Endoderm

Gene targeting studies have demonstrated that the zinc finger transcription factor GATA-6 lies upstream in a transcriptional cascade that controls differentiation of the visceral endoderm. To understand the function of GATA-6 in the visceral endoderm and to identify genes regulated by GATA-6 in this tissue, subtractive hybridization was performed using template cDNAs derived from differentiated wild-type embryonic stem (ES) cells and GATA-6(-/-) ES cells, respectively. These analyses revealed that the gene encoding Dab2, a mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein, is differentially expressed in wild-type and GATA-6-deficient ES cells. Consistent with these findings, Dab2 is expressed in the visceral endoderm of wild-type embryos but not in the visceral endoderm of GATA-6-deficient embryos. Cotransfection experiments demonstrate that the human Dab2 promoter can be transactivated by forced expression of GATA-6 in NIH-3T3 cells. In contrast, forced expression of GATA-4 does not transactivate the human Dab2 promoter and Dab2 is expressed in the visceral endoderm of GATA-4 null embryos. Surprisingly, the specificity of GATA-6-induced transactivation of the Dab2 promoter is not mediated through its zinc finger DNA-binding domain. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein Dab2 is a downstream target of GATA-6 in the visceral endoderm. Moreover, these data demonstrate that molecular mechanisms have evolved that direct, and distinguish, the functional specificity of GATA family members when they are developmentally coexpressed.