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Arterial Thickness and Immunometabolism: The Mediating role of Chronic Exercise
- Source :
- Current Cardiology Reviews
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2016.
-
Abstract
- Metabolic alterations and cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, are associated with lifestyle modifications, particularly the increase of physical inactivity and poor eating habits, which contribute to one of the main causes of death in modern times. Cardiovascular diseases are positively correlated with several illnesses, such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and these disorders are known to contribute to changes in immune cells, cytokines and metabolism. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of lipid plaques and fibrous tissue (atheroma) in the artery walls and this process is related to the oxidation of LDL-c (low density lipoprotein) and the formation of a particle, termed LDLox, which can generate toxic injury to the vessel wall. In this atherogenic process there is an inflammatory response generated by the injury in the vascular endothelium, which in itself is able to express and secrete a variety of molecules, such as myeloid colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), that act as activators of the immune system. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to highlight the immuno-metabolic alterations involving the thickening and stiffness of arteries observed in atherosclerosis, and how chronic exercise can act as an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic approach.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
chronic exercise
Inflammation
Article
chemistry.chemical_compound
Immune system
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Exercise
medicine.diagnostic_test
business.industry
metabolism
Arteries
General Medicine
Atherosclerosis
Lipid Metabolism
medicine.disease
lipid profile
Atheroma
Endocrinology
chemistry
Toxic injury
inflammation
Low-density lipoprotein
Immunology
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
medicine.symptom
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
business
Lipid profile
Dyslipidemia
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1573403X
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Current Cardiology Reviews
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....fc348468767183b170e40a5a6c5671a8