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Using IQ Discrepancy Scores To Examine the Neural Correlates of Specific Cognitive Abilities
- Source :
- Journal of Neuroscience. 33:14135-14145
- Publication Year :
- 2013
- Publisher :
- Society for Neuroscience, 2013.
-
Abstract
- The underlying neural determinants of general intelligence have been studied intensively, and seem to derive from the anatomical and functional characteristics of a frontoparietal network. Little is known, however, about the underlying neural correlates of domain-specific cognitive abilities, the other factors hypothesized to explain individual performance on intelligence tests. Previous preliminary studies have suggested that spatially distinct neural structures do not support domain-specific cognitive abilities. To test whether differences between abilities that affect performance on verbal and performance tasks derive instead from the morphological features of a single anatomical network, we assessed in two independent samples of healthy human participants (N = 83 and N = 58; age range, 5–57 years) the correlation of cortical thickness with the magnitude of the verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ)-performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) discrepancy. We operationalized the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy by regressing VIQ onto PIQ (VIQ-regressed-on-PIQ score), and by regressing PIQ onto VIQ (PIQ-regressed-on-VIQ score). In both samples, a progressively thinner cortical mantle in anterior and posterior regions bilaterally was associated with progressively greater (more positive) VIQ-regressed-on-PIQ scores. A progressively thicker cortical mantle in anterior and posterior regions bilaterally was associated with progressively greater (more positive) PIQ-regressed-on-VIQ scores. Variation in cortical thickness in these regions accounted for a large portion of the overall variance in magnitude of the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy. The degree of hemispheric asymmetry in cortical thickness accounted for a much smaller but statistically significant portion of variance in VIQ-PIQ discrepancy.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Audiology
Affect (psychology)
Developmental psychology
Correlation
Cognition
Hemispheric asymmetry
medicine
Humans
Child
Cerebral Cortex
Intelligence Tests
Neural correlates of consciousness
Intelligence quotient
Verbal intelligence quotient
General Neuroscience
Articles
Middle Aged
medicine.anatomical_structure
Cerebral cortex
Child, Preschool
Female
Psychology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15292401 and 02706474
- Volume :
- 33
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....fc174c7a1f2abd935bcb9fbf7fd9447c