A Critical Analysis of Behavioural Crowd Dynamics—From a Modelling Strategy to Kinetic Theory Methods

This paper proposes a critical analysis of the literature addressed to modelling and simulations of human crowds with the aim of selecting the most appropriate scale out of the microscopic (individual based), mesoscopic (kinetic), and macroscopic (hydrodynamical) approaches. The selection is made focusing on possible applications of the model. In particular, model validation and safety problems, where validation consists of studying the ability of models to depict empirical data and observed emerging behaviors. The contents of the paper look forward to computational applications related to the flow crowds on the Jamarat bridge.