Thiamine increases resident endoglin positive cardiac progenitor cells and atrial contractile force in humans: A randomised controlled trial

Background The heart has an intrinsic ability to regenerate, orchestrated by progenitor or stem cells. However, the relative complexity of non-resident cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) therapy makes modulation of resident CPCs a more attractive treatment target. Thiamine analogues improve resident CPC function in pre-clinical models. In this double blinded randomised controlled trial (identifier: ACTRN12614000755639), we examined whether thiamine would improve CPC function in humans. Methods and results High dose oral thiamine (one gram twice daily) or matching placebo was administered 3–5 days prior to coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Right atrial appendages were collected at the time of CABG, and CPCs isolated. There was no difference in the primary outcome (proliferation ability of CPCs) between treatment groups. Older age was not associated with decreased proliferation ability. In exploratory analyses, isolated CPCs in the thiamine group showed an increase in the proportion of CD34−/CD105+ (endoglin) cells, but no difference in CD34−/CD90+ or CD34+ cells. Thiamine increased maximum force developed by isolated trabeculae, with no difference in relaxation time or beta-adrenergic responsiveness. Conclusion Thiamine does not improve proliferation ability of CPC in patients undergoing CABG, but increases the proportion of CD34−/CD105+ cells. Having not met its primary endpoint, this study provides the impetus to re-examine CPC biology prior to any clinical outcome-based trial examining potential beneficial cardiovascular effects of thiamine.