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Perforins Expression by Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cells
- Source :
- Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 11 (2020), Frontiers in Immunology
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media SA, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Gamma delta (GD) T cells are an unconventional T cell type present in both the epidermis and the dermis of human skin. They are critical to regulating skin inflammation, wound healing, and anti-microbial defense. Similar to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells expressing an alpha beta (AB) TCR, GD T cells have cytolytic capabilities. They play an important role in elimination of cutaneous tumors and virally infected cells and have also been implicated in pathogenicity of several autoimmune diseases. T cell cytotoxicity is associated with the expression of the pore forming protein Perforin. Perforin is an innate immune protein containing a membrane attack complex perforin-like (MACPF) domain and functions by forming pores in the membranes of target cells, which allow granzymes and reactive oxygen species to enter the cells and destroy them. Perforin-2, encoded by the gene MPEG1, is a newly discovered member of this protein family that is critical for clearance of intracellular bacteria. Cutaneous GD T cells express both Perforin and Perforin-2, but many questions remain regarding the role that these proteins play in GD T cell mediated cytotoxicity against tumors and bacterial pathogens. Here, we review what is known about Perforin expression by skin GD T cells and the mechanisms that contribute to Perforin activation.
- Subjects :
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
skin
mpeg-1
Mini Review
T cell
Immunology
chemical and pharmacologic phenomena
Pore forming protein
medicine
Animals
Humans
gamma delta T cells
Immunology and Allergy
Cytotoxic T cell
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
perforin
perforin-2
pore forming proteins
MACPF
biology
Chemistry
hemic and immune systems
Cell biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Perforin
Granzyme
biology.protein
cytotoxicity
T cell mediated cytotoxicity
lcsh:RC581-607
CD8
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16643224
- Volume :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f9759183472bfefb4e82f185a3f40f6d