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Assessment of antimalarial drug resistant markers in asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections after 4 years of indoor residual spraying in Northern Ghana
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 12, p e0233478 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Background Drug resistance remains a concern for malaria control and elimination. The effect of interventions on its prevalence needs to be monitored to pre-empt further selection. We assessed the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum gene mutations associated with resistance to the antimalarial drugs: sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin combination therapy (ACTs) after the scale-up of a vector control activity that reduced transmission. Methods A total of 400 P. falciparum isolates from children under five years were genotyped for seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, pfdhps and pfk13 genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. These included 80 isolates, each randomly selected from cross-sectional surveys of asymptomatic infections across 2010 (baseline), 2011, 2012, 2013 (midline: post-IRS) and 2014 (endline: post-IRS) during the peak transmission season, when IRS intervention was rolled out in Bunkpurugu Yunyoo (BY) District, Ghana. The proportions of isolates with drug resistant alleles were assessed over this period. Results There were significant decreases in the prevalence of pfdhfr- I51R59N108 haplotype from 2010 to 2014, while the decline in pfdhfr/pfdhps- I51R59N108G437 during the same period was not significant. The prevalence of lumefantrine (LM), mefloquine (MQ) and amodiaquine (AQ) resistance-associated haplotypes pfmdr1-N86F184D1246 and pfmdr1-Y86Y184Y1246 showed decreasing trends (z = -2.86, P = 0.004 and z = -2.71, P = 0.007, respectively). Each of pfcrt-T76 and pfmdr1-Y86 mutant alleles also showed a declining trend in the asymptomatic reservoir, after the IRS rollout in 2014 (z = -2.87, P = 0.004 and z = -2.65, P = 0.008, respectively). Similarly, Pyrimethamine resistance mediating polymorphisms pfdhfr-N108, pfdhfr-I51 and pfdhfr-R59 also declined (z = -2.03, P = 0.042, z = -3.54, Ppfdhps-G437 and pfdhps-F436 (z = -0.36, P = 0.715 and z = 0.41, P = 0.684, respectively). No mutant pfk13-Y580 were detected during the study period. Conclusion The study demonstrated declining trends in the prevalence of drug resistant mutations in asymptomatic P. falciparum infections following transmission reduction after an enhanced IRS intervention in Northern Ghana.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
Plasmodium
Heredity
Drug Resistance
Protozoan Proteins
Drug resistance
Gene mutation
Ghana
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Biomarkers, Pharmacological
Geographical Locations
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Medical Conditions
Medicine and Health Sciences
Malaria, Falciparum
Protozoans
Multidisciplinary
Mefloquine
Malarial Parasites
Eukaryota
Drugs
Chloroquine
3. Good health
Drug Combinations
Genetic Mapping
Pyrimethamine
Child, Preschool
Carrier State
Medicine
Female
medicine.drug
Research Article
Genotype
Science
030106 microbiology
030231 tropical medicine
Plasmodium falciparum
Amodiaquine
Biology
Lumefantrine
Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Antimalarials
Microbial Control
parasitic diseases
Sulfadoxine
Parasite Groups
medicine
Genetics
Parasitic Diseases
Humans
Pharmacology
Organisms
Infant
Biology and Life Sciences
DNA, Protozoan
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Tropical Diseases
Virology
Parasitic Protozoans
Malaria
chemistry
Haplotypes
People and Places
Africa
Parasitology
Antimicrobial Resistance
Apicomplexa
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f91bb36615898d930291b3dbd7d5943d