Crystal structure of the central region of bovine fibrinogen (E5 fragment) at 1.4-Å resolution

The high-resolution crystal structure of the N-terminal central region of bovine fibrinogen (a 35-kDa E 5 fragment) reveals a remarkable dimeric design. The two halves of the molecule bond together at the center in an extensive molecular “handshake” by using both disulfide linkages and noncovalent contacts. On one face of the fragment, the Aα and Bβ chains from the two monomers form a funnel-shaped domain with an unusual hydrophobic cavity; here, on each of the two outer sides there appears to be a binding site for thrombin. On the opposite face, the N-terminal γ chains fold into a separate domain. Despite the chemical identity of the two halves of fibrinogen, an unusual pair of adjacent disulfide bonds locally constrain the two γ chains to adopt different conformations. The striking asymmetry of this domain may promote the known supercoiling of the protofibrils in fibrin. This information on the detailed topology of the E 5 fragment permits the construction of a more detailed model than previously possible for the critical trimolecular junction of the protofibril in fibrin.