Os livros para crianças, manuais de civilidade contemporâneos entre formal e informal? Um exemplo: a criança negra na literatura infanto-juvenil no Brasil

Este artigo se interessa a literatura infanto-juvenil, cujo personagem principal e a crianca negra, utilizada na escola publica. Enquanto objetos culturais e recursos didaticos, os livros infanto-juvenis constituem suportes de mediacao e interacao no interior das salas de aula. A hipotese subjacente e que esta literatura desempenha um papel de “manual de civilidade contemporânea”. Observaremos de forma atenta esses livros para criancas tornados uma das ferramentas do trabalho pedagogico para implementacao das politicas publicas de 2003-2004 visando a educacao das relacoes etnico-raciais. Quais representacoes da crianca negra sao veiculadas nos livros para criancas enviados pelo PNBE e de que maneira os professores os tem utilizado em sala de aula? Este estudo se apoia em duas metodologias complementares: entrevistas coletivas com professores e observacoes diretas em uma sala de aula do terceiro ano do ensino fundamental. Ele abre a discussao sobre as perspectivas e limites dessas politicas publicas e os usos desses livros como suportes de novas modalidades pedagogicas para a aprendizagem da diversidade etnico-racial na escola. Palavras-chave : Literatura infanto-juvenil. Crianca negra. Politicas publicas educacionais de 2003-2004. Do children's books fall between the informal and formal representation of the contemporary textbook on civility? An example: the black child in Brazilian children's literature Abstract This article analyses the use of children's literature that is present in a public school context and has a black child as the main character. As cultural artifacts and pedagogical tools, children's books constitute a means of mediation and interaction at the heart of the class. The underlying hypothesis is that this literature represents and plays the role of "contemporary textbooks on civility" by considering these children's books as crucial mediums in education, while implementing the 2003 and 2004 policies for education on ethnic-racial relations. Which representations of the black child are conveyed in the children's books that the PNBE sends, and how are teachers using them in class? This study is based on two methodologies that complement each other: collective interviews conducted with teachers, and direct observations from a third grade class in primary education. It opens the discussion on the possibilities and limitations of school policies, and on how these books are being used by educators, which constitutes a new modality in education for the learning of ethnic-racial diversity at school. Keywords : Children's literature. Black child. School policies 2003-2004. Les livres d’enfants, des manuels de civilite contemporains entre formel et informel? Un exemple: l’enfant noir dans la litterature de jeunesse au Bresil Resume Cet article s’interesse a la litterature de jeunesse, dont le personnage principal est un enfant noir, utilisee dans l’ecole publique. En tant qu’objets culturels et outils pedagogiques, les livres pour enfants constituent des supports de mediation et d’interaction au sein de la classe. L’hypothese sous-jacente est que cette litterature joue le role de «manuel de civilite contemporain». On prendra donc au serieux ces petits livres d’enfants devenus l’un des outils du travail pedagogique pour la mise en œuvre des politiques scolaires de 2003-2004 visant l’education aux relations ethno-raciales. Quelles representations de l’enfant noir sont vehiculees dans ces livres d’enfants envoyes par le PNBE et de quelle maniere les enseignants en font-ils usage en classe? Cette etude s’appuie sur deux methodologies complementaires : des entretiens collectifs aupres d’enseignants et des observations directes dans une classe de troisieme annee de l’enseignement fondamental. Elle ouvre la discussion sur les perspectives et limites de ces politiques scolaires et sur les usages de ces livres en tant que supports de nouvelles modalites pedagogiques pour l’apprentissage de la diversite ethno-raciale a l’ecole. Mots cles: Litterature de jeunesse. Enfant noir. Politiques scolaires 2003-2004.