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Insight into the impact of dietary saturated fat on tissue-specific cellular processes underlying obesity-related diseases
- Source :
- The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 25:600-612
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2014.
-
Abstract
- This study investigated the influence of three high-fat diets (HFDs), differing in the percentage of total calories from saturated fat (SF) (6%, 12%, 24%) but identical in total fat (40%), for a 16-week period in mice on a variety of tissue-specific cellular processes believed to be at the root of obesity-related diseases. Specifically, we examined ectopic lipid accumulation, oxidative capacity [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) mRNA and protein; mtDNA; Cox IV and cytochrome C protein; citrate synthase activity; and gene expression of fission 1, mitofusin (Mfn) 1 and Mfn2], oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (binding immunoglobulin protein, activating transcription factor 6-p50, p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha and x-box binding protein 1 spliced protein), inflammatory [p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-nuclear factor kappa-B, p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) and insulin signaling (p-Akt), and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin-6, F4/80, toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 gene expression] in various tissues, including the adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle and heart. In general, adipose and hepatic tissues were the only tissues which displayed evidence of dysfunction. All HFDs down-regulated adipose, cardiac and hepatic PGC-1α mRNA and hepatic citrate synthase activity, and induced adipose tissue oxidative stress, whereas only the 6%-SF and 12%-SF diet produced hepatic steatosis. However, compared to the 6%-SF and 24%-SF diets, consumption of the 12%-SF diet resulted in the greatest degree of dysregulation (hepatic ER and oxidative stress, JNK activation, increased F4/80 gene expression and down-regulation of adipose tissue Akt signaling). These findings suggest that the saturated fatty acid composition of an HFD can greatly influence the processes responsible for obesity-related diseases — nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, in particular — as well as provide further evidence that the mechanisms at the root of these diseases are diet and tissue sensitive.
- Subjects :
- Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Saturated fat
Clinical Biochemistry
Adipose tissue
Biology
Diet, High-Fat
medicine.disease_cause
Biochemistry
Article
Random Allocation
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Internal medicine
medicine
Animals
Obesity
RNA, Messenger
Molecular Biology
Protein kinase B
Adiposity
Nutrition and Dietetics
ATF6
Macrophages
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Lipid Metabolism
Dietary Fats
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Oxidative Stress
Insulin receptor
Endocrinology
Adipose Tissue
Gene Expression Regulation
Liver
Organ Specificity
Saturated fatty acid
biology.protein
Binding immunoglobulin protein
Biomarkers
Oxidative stress
Transcription Factors
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 09552863
- Volume :
- 25
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f69bc59fa1d2ce5229a9a0904a154cc7