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Enzymatic Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Nerve Agents by EC: 3.1.8.2
- Source :
- Catalysts, Vol 10, Iss 1365, p 1365 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The organophosphorus substances, including pesticides and nerve agents (NAs), represent highly toxic compounds. Standard decontamination procedures place a heavy burden on the environment. Given their continued utilization or existence, considerable efforts are being made to develop environmentally friendly methods of decontamination and medical countermeasures against their intoxication. Enzymes can offer both environmental and medical applications. One of the most promising enzymes cleaving organophosphorus compounds is the enzyme with enzyme commission number (EC): 3.1.8.2, called diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) or organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Loligo Vulgaris or Alteromonas sp. JD6.5, respectively. Structure, mechanisms of action and substrate profiles are described for both enzymes. Wild-type (WT) enzymes have a catalytic activity against organophosphorus compounds, including G-type nerve agents. Their stereochemical preference aims their activity towards less toxic enantiomers of the chiral phosphorus center found in most chemical warfare agents. Site-direct mutagenesis has systematically improved the active site of the enzyme. These efforts have resulted in the improvement of catalytic activity and have led to the identification of variants that are more effective at detoxifying both G-type and V-type nerve agents. Some of these variants have become part of commercially available decontamination mixtures.
- Subjects :
- Chemical Warfare Agents
organophosphate
enzymatic decontamination
lcsh:Chemical technology
010402 general chemistry
nerve agents
01 natural sciences
Catalysis
lcsh:Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
medicine
lcsh:TP1-1185
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Organophosphorus acid anhydrolase
Diisopropyl-fluorophosphatase
030304 developmental biology
Nerve agent
chemistry.chemical_classification
0303 health sciences
biology
Organophosphate
Active site
Human decontamination
organophosphorus acid anhydrolase
0104 chemical sciences
Enzyme
diisopropyl fluorophosphatase
lcsh:QD1-999
Biochemistry
chemistry
biology.protein
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20734344
- Volume :
- 10
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Catalysts
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f67823f576992317458fb4a90e29e1c1