Physical and Mechanical Behavior of NiTi Composite Fabricated by Newly Developed Uni-Axial Compaction Die

Owing to better mechanical properties and shape memory effect, the NiTi composites fabricated by powder metallurgy are suitable for biomedical implants. However, the excessive porosity and formation of micro-cracks are the major issues related to the NiTi composite. This work focused on developing crack-free dense NiTi composites by newly developed uni-axial compaction die. The work includes the design and manufacturing of uni-axial compaction die. The die was tested by SOLIDWORKS software in a simulated environment. Further, composite samples were successfully fabricated without circumferential micro-cracks at 1910.82 MPa compaction pressure. The effects of compaction pressure on microstructural, densification, and mechanical behavior of NiTi composites were also analyzed. Microstructural characterization shows that the Ni-rich phase increased and the Ti-rich phase decreased with the increase of compaction pressure. The porosity reduces from 17.04 to 8.75% by increasing the compaction pressure from 1273.88 to 1910.82 MPa, and a maximum density of 5.50 g.cm–3 was obtained. The NiTi150 composite has similar Young’s modulus, and compressive strength (6.93 GPa and 94.36 MPa) compared to cortical and cancellous bone. The high compaction pressure also increases the micro-hardness of NiTi composite up to 453.8 HV0.5.