Valorization of coffee industry wastes: Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of coffee silverskin and multipurpose recycling applications

Every year, the coffee supply chain produces tons of waste materials from the processing of the coffee bean. Coffee silverskin (CS) is the only waste product from the coffee bean roasting phases but as roasting is a key step in obtaining the coffee beverage, there are tons of CS collected and thrown away by coffee roasting industries. This study is based on the characterization of this integument, with a view to its use in nutritional, nutraceutical and industrial fields. From the results obtained, silverskin can be used in the food sector for its nutritional profile with a good amount of protein (18.9%) and total dietary fiber (34.7%) andits low-fat content (3.0%). Food safety was also determined by evaluating the low levels of contaminants such as ochratoxin A (OTA) and acrylamide (AA), with values < 0.1 mg/kg and