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A Degeneration Gradient of Poplar Trees Contributes to the Taxonomic, Functional, and Resistome Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Rhizosphere Soils
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 3438, p 3438 (2021), International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 7
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Bacterial communities associated with roots influence the health and nutrition of the host plant. However, the microbiome discrepancy are not well understood under different healthy conditions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and function varies along a degeneration gradient of poplar, with a focus on plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and antibiotic resistance genes. Comprehensive metagenomic analysis including taxonomic investigation, functional detection, and ARG (antibiotics resistance genes) annotation revealed that available potassium (AK) was correlated with microbial diversity and function. We proposed several microbes, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Mesorhizobium, Nocardioides, Variovorax, Gemmatimonadetes, Rhizobacter, Pedosphaera, Candidatus Solibacter, Acidobacterium, and Phenylobacterium, as candidates to reflect the soil fertility and the plant health. The highest abundance of multidrug resistance genes and the four mainly microbial resistance mechanisms (antibiotic efflux, antibiotic target protection, antibiotic target alteration, and antibiotic target replacement) in healthy poplar rhizosphere, corroborated the relationship between soil fertility and microbial activity. This result suggested that healthy rhizosphere soil harbored microbes with a higher capacity and had more complex microbial interaction network to promote plant growing and reduce intracellular levels of antibiotics. Our findings suggested a correlation between the plant degeneration gradient and bacterial communities, and provided insight into the role of high-turnover microbial communities as well as potential PGPB as real-time indicators of forestry soil quality, and demonstrated the inner interaction contributed by the bacterial communities.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
resistance genome
030106 microbiology
Microbial Consortia
microbial communities
Bradyrhizobium
Plant Roots
Catalysis
Article
Trees
Inorganic Chemistry
lcsh:Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Soil
Antibiotic resistance
the degeneration of poplar
Botany
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Gemmatimonadetes
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
Soil Microbiology
Rhizosphere
biology
Bacteria
metagenomic analysis
Organic Chemistry
Mesorhizobium
General Medicine
metabolic pathway
biology.organism_classification
Computer Science Applications
Resistome
Anti-Bacterial Agents
030104 developmental biology
Populus
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
Metagenomics
Metagenome
Soil fertility
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16616596 and 14220067
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 3438
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f50bbf3d3718f4ab2e1562141d43276c