Acute hepatitis B after autologous stem cell transplantation in a man previously infected by hepatitis B virus

We report a case of acute hepatitis B after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in a patient with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. At diagnosis of the hematological disease, the patient had the characteristic serology of a previous hepatitis B infection, being Ag HBs negative, hepatitis B virus core antibody positive (anti-HBC) and hepatitis B virus surface antibody weakly positive. He developed fatal hepatitis B after autologous stem cell transplantation, suggesting reactivation consequent to immunosuppression.