Back to Search
Start Over
Evaluation of methods for detection of asymptomatic individuals infected with Leishmania infantum in the state of Piauí, Brazil
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 7, p e0007493 (2019), PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Repositório Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), instacron:USP
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2019.
-
Abstract
- Background Visceral Leishmaniasis in humans presents with fever, anemia, and splenomegaly and can be lethal if not treated. Nevertheless, the majority of Leishmania infantum-infected individuals does not manifest symptoms and remain so provided they are not immunosuppressed. In this work, the performance of different tests was evaluated to detect asymptomatic individuals who were living in Teresina, Piauí state, Brazil, an endemic area for VL. Methodology L. infantum-specific antibodies were detected by ELISA and two different rapid immunochromatographic (IC) diagnostic tests, Kalazar Detect and OnSite, and parasitic loads were detected by real time PCR [qPCR]. Additionally, we measured levels of the biomarkers monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG) and IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) before and after stimulation of whole blood with soluble Leishmania antigen [SLA]. Principal findings Kalazar Detect and OnSite detected, respectively, 76% and 64% of patients presenting with active Visceral Leishmaniasis; 50% and 57% of patients remained positive in these tests, respectively, after treatment. Of the healthy participants in the study who were living in the endemic area, only 1.7% were positive with both of the IC tests. On the other hand, reactivity in ELISA tests revealed that 13% of these individuals presented asymptomatic infections; among VL patients, 84% presenting with active disease were reactive in ELISA, and after treatment, 55.5% were seropositive. L. infantum DNA was present in the blood of 37.9% of infected individuals living in the endemic area, while IP-10 and MIG biomarkers were detected in 26.7% of them. The greatest concordance of positivity occurred between ELISA and qPCR. Conclusion The association of different techniques can detect asymptomatic infections, however, more research is necessary to develop ideal biomarkers that are simple to use in the clinic and in field studies in areas endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis.<br />Author summary Infections with Leishmania infantum occurring in humans can become clinically manifest as active visceral leishmaniasis [VL], more frequently so in individuals with compromised immune systems and the disease can be fatal if left untreated. However, many individuals living in endemic areas who are infected through of a bite of the insect vector remain asymptomatic. Currently, other forms of transmission are being discussed, such as through blood transfusions and organ donations from asymptomatic individuals. Parallel to this knowledge, we know that dogs are reservoirs for L. infantum, but the role of asymptomatic humans as alternative reservoirs of VL is still is debated. A bone marrow aspirate is the best test to diagnose active VL in humans, but is too invasive to use in all people living in endemic areas. Therefore, less invasive tests are needed that use blood samples to detect infected persons who have not developed disease. In this regard, we evaluated different tests in order to find out which is the most effective to diagnose asymptomatic infections.
- Subjects :
- Male
0301 basic medicine
Endemic Diseases
Physiology
RC955-962
Antibodies, Protozoan
Biochemistry
Parasite load
Geographical locations
Parasite Load
0302 clinical medicine
Zoonoses
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays
Leishmaniasis
Asymptomatic Infections
Protozoans
Leishmania
Immunoassay
biology
Eukaryota
Middle Aged
Body Fluids
Blood
Infectious Diseases
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
Female
Anatomy
medicine.symptom
Antibody
Leishmania infantum
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Brazil
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Adult
Anemia
Leishmania Infantum
030231 tropical medicine
LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Research and Analysis Methods
Asymptomatic
Interferon-gamma
03 medical and health sciences
Parasitic Diseases
medicine
Humans
Immunoassays
Protozoan Infections
business.industry
Organisms
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Biology and Life Sciences
South America
DNA, Protozoan
Tropical Diseases
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Parasitic Protozoans
Chemokine CXCL10
030104 developmental biology
Visceral leishmaniasis
Immunology
Immunologic Techniques
biology.protein
People and places
business
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19352735 and 19352727
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f34b9bb745f502400b1b0148602ffd73