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The epidemiology of noncommunicable respiratory disease in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and North Africa
- Source :
- MALAWI MEDICAL JOURNAL, Malawi Medical Journal, Malawi Medical Journal; Vol 29, No 2 (2017); 203-211
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a major and increasing global health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that NCDs represent 63% of all global deaths of which 3.9 million are due to chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in particular. COPD is now the third most common cause of death globally; 90% of these deaths occur in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). COPD affects 329 million people, almost 5% of the world's population. In addition, asthma affects 334 million people, again representing almost 5% of the world's population. There is limited literature published on the epidemiology of COPD and Asthma from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Both diseases are under-diagnosed and underestimated in both SSA and MENA regions. The burden of COPD in sub-Saharan Africa is disputed and reports offer variable prevalence estimates, ranging from 4.1% to almost 22.2%. SSA and MENA countries report similar mortality rates from COPD of 18 per 100,000 population (2001 data). Asthma is a less common cause of death than COPD but is a major cause of morbidity; WHO estimates that there are 250,000 deaths per year from asthma, mainly in LMICs and it remains in the top twenty causes of disability in children globally. Risk factors for CRD are genetic and environmental; the latter dominated by air pollution exposures including tobacco smoke, household air pollution, outdoor air pollution and occupational exposures.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Pediatrics
Tuberculosis
Population
wc_503
Review Article
Tobacco smoke
03 medical and health sciences
Middle East
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
0302 clinical medicine
Africa, Northern
Environmental health
Occupational Exposure
Epidemiology
medicine
Global health
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
education
Noncommunicable Diseases
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Africa South of the Sahara
Asthma
COPD
education.field_of_study
wa_30
business.industry
Mortality rate
General Medicine
medicine.disease
respiratory tract diseases
030228 respiratory system
Socioeconomic Factors
Air Pollution, Indoor
wf_200
business
wf_300
wf_600
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19957270 and 19957262
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- MALAWI MEDICAL JOURNAL, Malawi Medical Journal, Malawi Medical Journal; Vol 29, No 2 (2017); 203-211
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f264e22e0451303ffdd0cec4a782a02a