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Catalytic developments in the epoxidation of vegetable oils and the analysis methods of epoxidized products
- Source :
- RSC Advances. 9:38119-38136
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2019.
-
Abstract
- Functionalization of vegetable oils (VOs) including edible, non-edible, and waste cooking oil (WCOs) to epoxides (EVOs) is receiving great attention by many researchers from academia and industry because they are renewable, versatile, sustainable, non-toxic, and eco-friendly, and they can partially or totally replace harmful phthalate plasticizers. The epoxidation of VOs on an industrial scale has already been developed by the homogeneous catalytic system using peracids. Due to the drawbacks of this method, other systems including acidic ion exchange resins, polyoxometalates, and enzymes are becoming alternative catalysts for the epoxidation reaction. We have reviewed all these catalytic systems including their benefits and drawbacks, reaction mechanisms, intensification of each system in different ways as well as the physicochemical properties of VOs and EVOs and new findings in recent years. Finally, the current methods including titrimetric methods as well as ATR-FTIR and 1H NMR for determination of conversion, epoxidation, and selectivity of epoxidized vegetable oils (EVOs) are also briefly described.
- Subjects :
- Cooking oil
Chemistry
General Chemical Engineering
Industrial scale
02 engineering and technology
General Chemistry
010402 general chemistry
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
01 natural sciences
0104 chemical sciences
Catalysis
Homogeneous
Organic chemistry
0210 nano-technology
Analysis method
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20462069
- Volume :
- 9
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- RSC Advances
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f23fff0ef3f45df7a5f8ad8651190d05