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Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects
- Source :
- PLoS Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, p e3001033 (2021), PLoS Biology
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021.
-
Abstract
- Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO2 are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do not know how ocean acidification affects reproduction in the wild. Here, we use natural CO2 vents at a temperate rocky reef and show that even though ocean acidification acts as a direct stressor, it can indirectly increase energy budgets of fish to stimulate reproduction at no cost to physiological homeostasis. Female fish maintained energy levels by compensation: They reduced activity (foraging and aggression) to increase reproduction. In male fish, increased reproductive investment was linked to increased energy intake as mediated by intensified foraging on more abundant prey. Greater biomass of prey at the vents was linked to greater biomass of algae, as mediated by a fertilisation effect of elevated CO2 on primary production. Additionally, the abundance and aggression of paternal carers were elevated at the CO2 vents, which may further boost reproductive success. These positive indirect effects of elevated CO2 were only observed for the species of fish that was generalistic and competitively dominant, but not for 3 species of subordinate and more specialised fishes. Hence, species that capitalise on future resource enrichment can accelerate their reproduction and increase their populations, thereby altering species communities in a future ocean.<br />Ocean acidification affects species populations and diversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behavior, but the indirect effects are less clear. Using volcanic carbon dioxide vents as natural analogues of future ocean acidification, this study shows that elevated CO2 can stimulate fish reproduction in the wild through increased food abundance, leading to increased energy budgets at no cost to physiological homeostasis.
- Subjects :
- Male
0106 biological sciences
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Physiology
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Oceanography
01 natural sciences
Predation
Sexual Behavior, Animal
Reproductive Physiology
Medicine and Health Sciences
Marine Fish
Biology (General)
education.field_of_study
Biomass (ecology)
Ocean Acidification
Ecology
Reproduction
General Neuroscience
Fishes
Eukaryota
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Chemistry
Physiological Parameters
Physical Sciences
Vertebrates
Female
Anatomy
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Genital Anatomy
Research Article
Fish Biology
QH301-705.5
Climate Change
Oceans and Seas
Population
Foraging
Marine Biology
Biology
010603 evolutionary biology
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Fish physiology
Stress, Physiological
Fish Physiology
Animal Physiology
Animals
Seawater
Ecosystem
14. Life underwater
Gonads
Population Growth
education
Nutrition
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
General Immunology and Microbiology
Reproductive success
Body Weight
fungi
Reproductive System
Chemical Compounds
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Carbon Dioxide
Vertebrate Physiology
Diet
Fish
Food
13. Climate action
Earth Sciences
Zoology
Acids
New Zealand
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15457885 and 15449173
- Volume :
- 19
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS Biology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f21ed37e57700a17bf0cd195092888cd