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In Vitro Selection of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Antioxidants to Develop an Innovative Synbiotic (NatuREN G) and Testing Its Effect in Reducing Uremic Toxins in Fecal Batches from CKD Patients
- Source :
- Microorganisms, Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 1316, p 1316 (2021), Volume 9, Issue 6
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2021.
-
Abstract
- We aimed to develop an innovative synbiotic formulation for use in reducing dysbiosis, uremic toxins (e.g., p-cresol and indoxyl sulfate), and, consequently, the pathognomonic features of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Twenty-five probiotic strains, belonging to lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium, were tested for their ability to grow in co-culture with different vegetable (pomegranate, tomato, and grapes) sources of antioxidants and prebiotics (inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, and β-glucans). Probiotics were selected based on the acidification rates and viable cell counts. Inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides reported the best prebiotic activity, while a pomegranate seed extract was initially chosen as antioxidant source. The investigation was also conducted in fecal batches from healthy and CKD subjects, on which metabolomic analyses (profiling volatile organic compounds and total free amino acids) were conducted. Two out of twenty-five probiotics were finally selected. After the stability tests, the selective innovative synbiotic formulation (named NatuREN G) comprised Bifidobacterium animalis BLC1, Lacticaseibacillus casei LC4P1, fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin, quercetin, resveratrol, and proanthocyanidins. Finally, NatuREN G was evaluated on fecal batches collected from CKD in which modified the viable cell densities of some cultivable bacterial patterns, increased the concentration of acetic acid and decane, while reduced the concentration of nonanoic acid, dimethyl trisulfide, and indoxyl sulfate.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical)
Antioxidant
fecal batches
QH301-705.5
medicine.medical_treatment
Inulin
Prebiotic
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Probiotic
Microbiology
Article
law.invention
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
fluids and secretions
law
Virology
Chronic kidney disease
medicine
microbiota
Food science
Biology (General)
Bifidobacterium
biology
Chemistry
Microbiota
Fecal batche
synbiotic
food and beverages
biology.organism_classification
Bifidobacterium animalis
Synbiotic
030104 developmental biology
antioxidants
Proanthocyanidin
probiotics
Quercetin
prebiotics
chronic kidney disease
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20762607
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Microorganisms
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f18758b65983f6832d383200b8f0b68e