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The number of tree species on Earth
- Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(6), Repositorio Abierto de la UdL, Universitad de Lleida, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 119 (6), pp.e2115329119. ⟨10.1073/pnas.2115329119⟩, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119 (2022) 6, PNAS 119 (6) : e2115329119 (2022), INTA Digital (INTA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, instacron:INTA, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2022. Vol. 119, № 6. P. e2115329119 (1-11), 2022, ' The number of tree species on Earth ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 119, no. 6, e2115329119 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (6), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), Cazzolla Gatti, R, Reich, P B, Gamarra, J G P, Crowther, T, Hui, C, Morera, A, Bastin, J F, de-Miguel, S, Nabuurs, G J, Svenning, J C, Serra-Diaz, J M, Merow, C, Enquist, B, Kamenetsky, M, Lee, J, Zhu, J, Fang, J, Jacobs, D F, Pijanowski, B, Banerjee, A, Giaquinto, R A, Alberti, G, Almeyda Zambrano, A M, Alvarez-Davila, E, Araujo-Murakami, A, Avitabile, V, Aymard, G A, Balazy, R, Baraloto, C, Barroso, J G, Bastian, M L, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Bogaert, J, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, P H S, Brearley, F Q, Broadbent, E N, Bussotti, F, Castro da Silva, W, César, R G, Češljar, G, Chama Moscoso, V, Chen, H Y H, Cienciala, E, Clark, C J, Coomes, D A, Dayanandan, S & Decuyper, M 2022, ' The number of tree species on Earth ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 119, no. 6, e2115329119 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119, Cazzolla Gatti, R, Reich, P B, Gamarra, J G P, Crowther, T, Hui, C, Morera, A, Bastin, J F, de-Miguel, S, Nabuurs, G J, Svenning, J C, Serra-Diaz, J M, Merow, C, Enquist, B, Kamenetsky, M, Lee, J, Zhu, J, Fang, J, Jacobs, D F, Pijanowski, B, Banerjee, A, Giaquinto, R A, Alberti, G, Almeyda Zambrano, A M, Alvarez-Davila, E, Araujo-Murakami, A, Avitabile, V, Aymard, G A, Balazy, R, Baraloto, C, Barroso, J G, Bastian, M L, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Bogaert, J, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, P H S, Brearley, F Q, Broadbent, E N, Bussotti, F, Castro da Silva, W, César, R G, Češljar, G, Chama Moscoso, V, Chen, H Y H, Cienciala, E, Clark, C J, Coomes, D A, Dayanandan, S, Decuyper, M, Dee, L E, Del Aguila Pasquel, J, Derroire, G, Djuikouo, M N K, Van Do, T, Dolezal, J, Đorđević, I, Engel, J, Fayle, T M, Feldpausch, T R, Fridman, J K, Harris, D J, Hemp, A, Hengeveld, G, Herault, B, Herold, M, Ibanez, T, Jagodzinski, A M, Jaroszewicz, B, Jeffery, K J, Johannsen, V K, Jucker, T, Kangur, A, Karminov, V N, Kartawinata, K, Kennard, D K, Kepfer-Rojas, S, Keppel, G, Khan, M L, Khare, P K, Kileen, T J, Kim, H S, Korjus, H, Kumar, A, Kumar, A, Laarmann, D, Labrière, N, Lang, M, Lewis, S L, Lukina, N, Maitner, B S, Malhi, Y, Marshall, A R, Martynenko, O V, Monteagudo Mendoza, A L, Ontikov, P V, Ortiz-Malavasi, E, Pallqui Camacho, N C, Paquette, A, Park, M, Parthasarathy, N, Peri, P L, Petronelli, P, Pfautsch, S, Phillips, O L, Picard, N, Piotto, D, Poorter, L, Poulsen, J R, Pretzsch, H, Ramírez-Angulo, H, Restrepo Correa, Z, Rodeghiero, M, Rojas Gonzáles, R D P, Rolim, S G, Rovero, F, Rutishauser, E, Saikia, P, Salas-Eljatib, C, Schepaschenko, D, Scherer-Lorenzen, M, Šebeň, V, Silveira, M, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Souza, A F, Stereńczak, K J, Svoboda, M, Taedoumg, H, Tchebakova, N, Terborgh, J, Tikhonova, E, Torres-Lezama, A, van der Plas, F, Vásquez, R, Viana, H, Vibrans, A C, Vilanova, E, Vos, V A, Wang, H F, Westerlund, B, White, L J T, Wiser, S K, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T, Zemagho, L, Zhu, Z X, Zo-Bi, I C & Liang, J 2022, ' The number of tree species on Earth ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 119, no. 6, e2115329119 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119, Repositório Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), instacron:USP
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness.<br />Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (6)<br />ISSN:0027-8424<br />ISSN:1091-6490
- Subjects :
- Cambios Antropogénicos
Richness
SAMPLE
Earth, Planet
Rarity
Bos- en Landschapsecologie
DIVERSITY
Forests
[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy
Trees
forest
Bioma
Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing
Biome
espèce (taxon)
HETEROGENEITY
Forest and Landscape Ecology
Forest Biodiversity
hyperdominance
Riqueza de Especies
Ecosystem Services
biodiversity, forests, hyperdominance, rarity, richness
biodiversity
Multidisciplinary
Hyperdominance
Overall Scale
F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie
Biodiversity
[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics
Écologie des populations
PE&RC
COVERAGE
Boscos i silvicultura
Biometris
Forest Ecosystems
ABUNDANCE
Anthropogenic Changes
Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie
Biodiversité
леса
Conservation of Natural Resources
F40 - Écologie végétale
Servicios de los Ecosistemas
Vulnerability
ECOLOGIA DE POPULAÇÕES
Arbre
ECOLOGY
Biodiversidad
forests
rarity
richness
Ecosistemas Forestales
[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems
COMPLETENESS
Árboles
Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA
Richness Species
Bosecologie en Bosbeheer
Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing
K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection
Biodiversidad Forestal
Escala Global
Vegetatie
деревья
Vegetation
Forest Ecology and Forest Management
biodiversité forestière
биоразнообразие
PATTERNS
Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Vulnerabilidad
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00278424 and 10916490
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(6), Repositorio Abierto de la UdL, Universitad de Lleida, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 119 (6), pp.e2115329119. ⟨10.1073/pnas.2115329119⟩, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119 (2022) 6, PNAS 119 (6) : e2115329119 (2022), INTA Digital (INTA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, instacron:INTA, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2022. Vol. 119, № 6. P. e2115329119 (1-11), 2022, ' The number of tree species on Earth ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 119, no. 6, e2115329119 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (6), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), Cazzolla Gatti, R, Reich, P B, Gamarra, J G P, Crowther, T, Hui, C, Morera, A, Bastin, J F, de-Miguel, S, Nabuurs, G J, Svenning, J C, Serra-Diaz, J M, Merow, C, Enquist, B, Kamenetsky, M, Lee, J, Zhu, J, Fang, J, Jacobs, D F, Pijanowski, B, Banerjee, A, Giaquinto, R A, Alberti, G, Almeyda Zambrano, A M, Alvarez-Davila, E, Araujo-Murakami, A, Avitabile, V, Aymard, G A, Balazy, R, Baraloto, C, Barroso, J G, Bastian, M L, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Bogaert, J, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, P H S, Brearley, F Q, Broadbent, E N, Bussotti, F, Castro da Silva, W, César, R G, Češljar, G, Chama Moscoso, V, Chen, H Y H, Cienciala, E, Clark, C J, Coomes, D A, Dayanandan, S & Decuyper, M 2022, ' The number of tree species on Earth ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 119, no. 6, e2115329119 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119, Cazzolla Gatti, R, Reich, P B, Gamarra, J G P, Crowther, T, Hui, C, Morera, A, Bastin, J F, de-Miguel, S, Nabuurs, G J, Svenning, J C, Serra-Diaz, J M, Merow, C, Enquist, B, Kamenetsky, M, Lee, J, Zhu, J, Fang, J, Jacobs, D F, Pijanowski, B, Banerjee, A, Giaquinto, R A, Alberti, G, Almeyda Zambrano, A M, Alvarez-Davila, E, Araujo-Murakami, A, Avitabile, V, Aymard, G A, Balazy, R, Baraloto, C, Barroso, J G, Bastian, M L, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Bogaert, J, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, P H S, Brearley, F Q, Broadbent, E N, Bussotti, F, Castro da Silva, W, César, R G, Češljar, G, Chama Moscoso, V, Chen, H Y H, Cienciala, E, Clark, C J, Coomes, D A, Dayanandan, S, Decuyper, M, Dee, L E, Del Aguila Pasquel, J, Derroire, G, Djuikouo, M N K, Van Do, T, Dolezal, J, Đorđević, I, Engel, J, Fayle, T M, Feldpausch, T R, Fridman, J K, Harris, D J, Hemp, A, Hengeveld, G, Herault, B, Herold, M, Ibanez, T, Jagodzinski, A M, Jaroszewicz, B, Jeffery, K J, Johannsen, V K, Jucker, T, Kangur, A, Karminov, V N, Kartawinata, K, Kennard, D K, Kepfer-Rojas, S, Keppel, G, Khan, M L, Khare, P K, Kileen, T J, Kim, H S, Korjus, H, Kumar, A, Kumar, A, Laarmann, D, Labrière, N, Lang, M, Lewis, S L, Lukina, N, Maitner, B S, Malhi, Y, Marshall, A R, Martynenko, O V, Monteagudo Mendoza, A L, Ontikov, P V, Ortiz-Malavasi, E, Pallqui Camacho, N C, Paquette, A, Park, M, Parthasarathy, N, Peri, P L, Petronelli, P, Pfautsch, S, Phillips, O L, Picard, N, Piotto, D, Poorter, L, Poulsen, J R, Pretzsch, H, Ramírez-Angulo, H, Restrepo Correa, Z, Rodeghiero, M, Rojas Gonzáles, R D P, Rolim, S G, Rovero, F, Rutishauser, E, Saikia, P, Salas-Eljatib, C, Schepaschenko, D, Scherer-Lorenzen, M, Šebeň, V, Silveira, M, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Souza, A F, Stereńczak, K J, Svoboda, M, Taedoumg, H, Tchebakova, N, Terborgh, J, Tikhonova, E, Torres-Lezama, A, van der Plas, F, Vásquez, R, Viana, H, Vibrans, A C, Vilanova, E, Vos, V A, Wang, H F, Westerlund, B, White, L J T, Wiser, S K, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T, Zemagho, L, Zhu, Z X, Zo-Bi, I C & Liang, J 2022, ' The number of tree species on Earth ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 119, no. 6, e2115329119 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119, Repositório Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), instacron:USP
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f0acd82cd99a7309d35db3a9b6ca2d18
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119⟩