Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Shandong Province, China, 1957–2015

China used to be one of the most heavily endemic countries for lymphatic filariasis (LF) in the world. Bancroftian filariasis, which is caused by the filarioid nematode Wuchereria bancrofti, is the only filariasis in Shandong Province. A total of 864 endemic counties (cities) in 16 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities with a total population of 330 million people were at risk of infection. Shandong Province was a highly LF-endemic area in the 1950s, the epidemiological investigation of LF conducted in 1957 indicated that the disease was endemic in 74 counties and the highest microfilaria rate was up to 26%. There were ∼5 million people in the province infected with LF; among which almost 2.5 million people had lymphedema, elephantiasis, or hydrocele. Through vigorous prevention and scientific research, Shandong Province was the first to propose to treat LF with fortified diethylcarbamazine salt, more than 25 million people in the province had taken the salt, and more than 3 million people took intermittent medication. After more than 50 years of unremitting efforts, Shandong Province basically eliminated LF in 1983 and became the first province in China that successfully eradicated LF in 2004, which has played an important role in accelerating the elimination of filariasis in the country in 2007 and has made tremendous contributions to social and economic development of China. Since 1980, Shandong Province has carried out extensive international cooperation as the WHO Collaborating Center for Lymphatic Filariasis. This article is intended to share the experience in eliminating LF to other parts of the world and improve public health capacity in regions such as Africa and Oceania where the disease is still endemic for interest.