Effects of sequential feeding with adjustments to dietary amino acid concentration according to the circadian rhythm on the performance, body composition, and nutrient balance of growing-finishing pigs

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:38:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a sequential feeding program (SEQ) with diets varying in amino acid (AA) concentrations in the first and last 12 h of the day on the performance, body composition, and nutrient balance of growing-finishing pigs. Sixty-eight castrated male pigs were distributed in four treatments: a daily feeding program (DP) and three SEQs. In the DP, dietary requirements of AA were adjusted daily. In the SEQ, dietary daily requirements of AA were adjusted every 12 h, providing a low AA concentration in period 1 (P1; 00:00–11:59 h) and a high AA concentration in period 2 (P2; 12:00–23:59 h). In the SEQ, three different levels of low and high AA concentrations were evaluated: ±20%, ±30%, and ±40%. The experiment lasted 82 days and was divided into phase 1 (25–50 kg body weight; BW), phase 2 (50–70 kg BW), and phase 3 (70–100 kg BW). During phase 1, irrespective of dietary AA concentration, SEQ pigs had higher lysine intake, protein gain, and phosphorus efficiency than DP pigs (P ≤ 0.05). Pigs in the SEQ showed a tendency for greater average daily gain, body protein, and body lipids compared to the DP pigs (P ≤ 0.10). During phase 2, SEQ pigs showed a tendency for higher average feed intake in P2 compared to DP pigs (P = 0.07); consequently, average daily gain, body protein, and phosphorus retention tended to increase (P ≤ 0.10). During phase 3, SEQ pigs had a higher average feed intake in P2 than DP pigs (P = 0.03). However, they had a similar body composition (P > 0.05) and a tendency for higher nitrogen excretion (P = 0.06) than DP pigs. Our results suggest that SEQ is an effective approach for improving the performance and body composition of growing pigs. Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal Department of Animal Nutrition and Pastures Institute of Animal Science Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Department of Animal Science Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal CNPq: 141289/2017-1 FAPESP: 2017/18734-1 FAPESP: 2018/15559-7 CNPq: 311054/ 2020-0