Drug Treatment Algorithm and Recommendations from the 2020 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Secondary Publication

Objective The aim of this study was to update the Japan College of Rheumatology (JCR) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA; JCR CPG for RA) according to recent changes in the medical environment in Japan. This article is a digest version of the guidance. Methods We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method to update the 2014 JCR CPG for RA. A consensus was formed by CPG panel members. Results We identified 36 important clinical questions regarding drug treatment and developed corresponding recommendations for RA. The recommendations included the following RA medications: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, anti-receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand antibodies, and Janus kinase inhibitors, as well as the tapering and discontinuation of these medications. Recommendations regarding the efficacy and safety of treatments in the elderly and patients with comorbidities were also developed. Finally, we used these recommendations to create an original algorithm for drug treatment for RA based on the Treat-to-Target approach. Conclusion The 2020 JCR CPG for RA provides a useful tool for rheumatologists, health care professionals, and patients with RA, enabling shared decision-making in a variety of clinical situations.