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Functional understanding of secondary cell wall cellulose synthases in Populus trichocarpa via the Cas9/gRNA‐induced gene knockouts
- Source :
- The New Phytologist
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Summary Plant cellulose is synthesized by a large plasma membrane‐localized cellulose synthase (CesA) complex. However, an overall functional determination of secondary cell wall (SCW) CesAs is still lacking in trees, especially one based on gene knockouts.Here, the Cas9/gRNA‐induced knockouts of PtrCesA4, 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B genes were produced in Populus trichocarpa. Based on anatomical, immunohistochemical and wood composition evidence, we gained a comprehensive understanding of five SCW PtrCesAs at the genetic level.Complete loss of PtrCesA4, 7A/B or 8A/B led to similar morphological abnormalities, indicating similar and nonredundant genetic functions. The absence of the gelatinous (G) layer, one‐layer‐walled fibres and a 90% decrease in cellulose in these mutant woods revealed that the three classes of SCW PtrCesAs are essential for multilayered SCW structure and wood G‐fibre. In addition, the mutant primary and secondary phloem fibres lost the n(G + L)‐ and G‐layers and retained the thicker S‐layers (L, lignified; S, secondary). Together with polysaccharide immunolocalization data, these findings suggest differences in the role of SCW PtrCesAs‐synthesized cellulose in wood and phloem fibre wall structures.Overall, this functional understanding of the SCW PtrCesAs provides further insights into the impact of lacking cellulose biosynthesis on growth, SCW, wood G‐fibre and phloem fibre wall structures in the tree.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine
Populus trichocarpa
Physiology
gRNA
Mutant
Plant Science
Polysaccharide
01 natural sciences
gene knockout
Gene Knockout Techniques
gelatinous layer (G‐layer)
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Cell Wall
Cellulose
Cas9
phloem fibre
cellulose synthase (CesA)
Gene knockout
chemistry.chemical_classification
Full Paper
biology
Research
Full Papers
biology.organism_classification
Wood
Cell biology
Populus
030104 developmental biology
tension wood
chemistry
Glucosyltransferases
secondary cell wall (SCW)
Bast fibre
Phloem
CRISPR-Cas Systems
Secondary cell wall
RNA, Guide, Kinetoplastida
010606 plant biology & botany
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14698137 and 0028646X
- Volume :
- 231
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- New Phytologist
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ee9c1c1c8172e91025c2b9360e433f3e