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Pancreatic islet of Langerhans' cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure in normal glucose tolerance and in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Pancreatic islet of Langerhans' cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure in normal glucose tolerance and in type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Source :
- Diabetes, obesitymetabolism. 20
- Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- While a number of structural and cellular abnormalities occur in the islet of Langerhans in diabetes, and in particular in type 2 diabetes, the focus has been mostly on the insulin producing β-cells and only more recently on glucagon producing α- and δ-cells. There is ample evidence that in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in addition to a progressive decline in β-cell function and associated insulin resistance in a number of insulin-sensitive tissues, alterations in glucagon secretion are also present and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia both in the fasting and in the postprandial state. Recently, a number of studies have showed that there are also functional and structural alterations in glucagon-producing α-cells and somatostatin-producing δ-cells. Thus, it is becoming increasingly clear that multiple cellular alterations of multiple cell types occur, which adds even more complexity to our understanding of the pathophysiology of this common and severe disease. We believe that persistent efforts to increase the understanding of the pathophysiology of hormone secretion in the islets of Langerhans will also improve our capability to better prevent and treat diabetes mellitus.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Blood Glucose
medicine.medical_specialty
Amyloid
Somatostatin-Secreting Cells
type 2 diabetes mellitus
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
medicine.medical_treatment
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Type 2 diabetes
Glucagon
03 medical and health sciences
Islets of Langerhans
Mice
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Insulin resistance
IAPP
amyloid deposition
electron microscopy insulin producing β-cells
glucagon producing α-cells
pancreatic islet of Langerhans structure
somatostatin producing δ-cells
ultrastructure
Diabetes mellitus
Internal medicine
Internal Medicine
medicine
Animals
Humans
geography
geography.geographical_feature_category
business.industry
Insulin
Glucagon secretion
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Haplorhini
Pancreatic Polypeptide-Secreting Cells
medicine.disease
Islet
Rats
030104 developmental biology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Glucagon-Secreting Cells
Models, Animal
business
Papio
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14631326
- Volume :
- 20
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Diabetes, obesitymetabolism
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ee4c6860f8fa4cde904c71e2b0bd8d28