Optimisation of steam blanching on enzymatic activity, color and protein degradation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to improve some quality characteristics of its edible protein

The use of alfalfa protein in human food is limited by its low quality. Response Surface Methodology was employed to optimise the combined effects of different steam blanching conditions on the enzymatic activity, browning and protein degrading which cause undesirable characteristics. The optimum conditions were: steaming time 4.36 min, particle size 23 mm, time from harvesting to steaming 2 h leading to a residual activity of polyphenol oxidase of 1.31% and a completely inactivation of peroxidase. The Browning Index value was 108.3 and the non-protein nitrogen 170.2 (g kg−1 TN). The browning and protein degradation rates of alfalfa treated under the optimum conditions were much lower than the control alfalfa after 60 days ensiling. This suggests that blanching of fresh whole alfalfa leaves under the optimum conditions was helpful for avoiding the appearance of the dark color and degradation of the extracted protein, improving its quality for human consumption.