Highly Energy Efficient Animal Mobility Driven BLE Beacon Advertising Control for Wildlife Monitoring

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are the basis for wildlife monitoring systems (WMS) because of their flexibility and energy-efficiency. However, their utilization often involves an inherently frequent data advertising mechanism that can result in a significantly higher energy consumption for monitoring mobile animals. To overcome this issue, we propose an mobility event-driven beacon advertising control scheme based on an unsupervised algorithm. We transmit more frequently in a panic state and less frequently during passive state. We compared our approach with a conventional periodic advertising and K-Mean clustering based schemes by analyzing the network energy consumption. The results show that the proposed mechanism could indeed reduce the energy consumption substantially by adaptively adjusting the node wake-up time to specific animal movement states.