Focal Muscle Vibration for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of Vibration Parameters and Protocols

In this review, we present a narrative synthesis of studies on the use of focal muscle vibration (FMV) in stroke rehabilitation with a focus on vibration device, parameters, and protocols. A search was conducted via PubMed, SCOPUS, PEDro, REHABDATA, and Web of Science using the keywords “stroke and focal vibration” or “focal muscle vibration”. Inclusion and exclusion criteria to select the articles were determined. Twenty-two articles involving FMV and stroke were included in this review. Eight different vibration devices were used in the 19 articles that reported the vibration apparatuses. The vibration frequencies ranged from 30 Hz to 300 Hz with amplitudes ranging from 0.01 mm to 2 mm. The vibration treatment frequency ranged from a single treatment to 5 days/week. The session duration ranged from 14 s to 60 min/session with a duration of a single treatment to eight weeks. Twenty different muscles were targeted with 37 different outcome measures used to assess the effects of FMV. The clinical applications of FMV were not confirmed based on available evidence. More research is needed to improve the FMV technology, guide the selection of vibration parameters, optimize the vibration dosage, and develop standardized protocols for FMV therapy in patients with stroke.