Oxidative stress-related effects induced by micronized polyethylene terephthalate microparticles in the Manila clam

Microplastic (MP) contamination represents a serious threat for marine organisms. Several lab studies demonstrated adverse effects induced by exposure to different MP polymers toward diverse marine species. However, the information regarding toxicity of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs is largely unknown. The present study was aimed at investigating the adverse effects induced by 7-day exposure to two concentrations (0.125 or 12.5 µg/ml) micronized, irregular shaped and variable size PET microparticles (PET-MPs) toward Manila clam (