Salter-Harris I Injury of the Proximal Tibial Physis with Vascular Compromise: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction: Physeal injuries of proximal tibia are uncommon and constitute only 1% of all physeal injuries. Major vessel injuries are also rare in children and occur in 0.6% trauma cases, out of which, injuries of popliteal artery comprise only 5%. The combination of these is an extremely rare injury pattern but is potentially limb threatening. Most of the cases of physeal injuries of proximal tibia along with popliteal artery compromise, reported in the literature include Salter Harris (SH) type II, III, and IV patterns (type II being most common) with pure type I being extremely rare. Case Report: We describe a rare posteriorly displaced pure SH I injury of proximal tibial physis with compromised vascularity of the limb. Immediate closed reduction and stabilization with Kirschner wires (K-wires) restored the vascularity of the limb and the patient went on to have a good functional recovery at the last follow-up of 1 year. Conclusion: Vascular injuries occurring in SH 1 proximal tibial physeal fractures are often overlooked or missed due to the relatively benign appearance of slip with no sharp fragments to injure major vessels. Close monitoring of neurovascular status and a low threshold for fixation, for example, with K-wires, are important to prevent limb threatening ischemia in these relatively simple appearing injuries. Keywords: Hyperextension injury, physeal injury, proximal tibia, Salter-Harris 1, vascular injury.