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Effective antibodies immobilization and functionalized nanoparticles in a quartz-crystal microbalance-based immunosensor for the detection of parathion
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 2, p e0171754 (2017)
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017.
-
Abstract
- Background: Biosensor-based detection provides a rapid and low-cost alternative to conventional analytical methods for revealing the presence of the contaminants in water as well as solid matrices. Although important to be detected, small analytes (few hundreds of Daltons) are an issue in biosensing since the signal they induce in the transducer, and specifically in a Quartz-Crystal Microbalance, is undetectable. A pesticide like parathion (M = 292 Da) is a typical example of contaminant for which a signal amplification procedure is desirable. Methods/Findings: The ballasting of the analyte by gold nanoparticles has been already applied to heavy target as proteins or bacteria to improve the limit of detection. In this paper, we extend the application of such a method to small analytes by showing that once the working surface of a Quartz-Crystal Microbalance (QCM) has been properly functionalized, a limit of detection lower than 1 ppb is reached for parathion. The effective surface functionalization is achieved by immobilizing antibodies upright oriented on the QCM gold surface by a simple photochemical technique (Photonic Immobilization Technique, PIT) based on the UV irradiation of the antibodies, whereas a simple protocol provided by the manufacturer is applied to functionalize the gold nanoparticles. Thus, in a non-competitive approach, the small analyte is made detectable by weighing it down through a “sandwich protocol” with a second antibody tethered to heavy gold nanoparticles. The immunosensor has been proved to be effective against the parathion while showing no cross reaction when a mixture of compounds very similar to parathion is analyzed. Conclusion/Significance: The immunosensor described in this paper can be easily applied to any small molecule for which polyclonal antibodies are available since both the functionalization procedure of the QCM probe surface and gold nanoparticle can be applied to any IgG, thereby making our device of general application in terms of target analyte. Published version
- Subjects :
- Adenosine
Physiology
Glycobiology
lcsh:Medicine
Metal Nanoparticles
Nanoparticle
Biosensing Techniques
02 engineering and technology
Biochemistry
01 natural sciences
Antibody Specificity
Limit of Detection
Immune Physiology
Medicine and Health Sciences
Nanotechnology
lcsh:Science
Minerals
Immune System Proteins
Multidisciplinary
Organic Compounds
Chemistry
Agriculture
Nucleosides
Quartz
Mineralogy
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Glycosylamines
Colloidal gold
Physical Sciences
Engineering and Technology
Agrochemicals
0210 nano-technology
Research Article
Biotechnology
Chemical Elements
Pollutants
Analyte
Immunology
Antibodies
Adsorption
Environmental Chemistry
Pesticides
Detection limit
Chromatography
Parathion
lcsh:R
Organic Chemistry
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
010401 analytical chemistry
Chemical Compounds
Biology and Life Sciences
Proteins
Quartz crystal microbalance
0104 chemical sciences
Small Molecules
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques
Earth Sciences
Nanoparticles
Surface modification
lcsh:Q
Gold
Pest Control
Antibodies, Immobilized
Biosensor
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLOS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....eaa9a58c0e88b7748ddcb3ca5dc3bf74