Back to Search
Start Over
Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Steroidal Hormones and Phenolic Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Surface Water in Cuautla River, Mexico
- Source :
- Water, Volume 11, Issue 12
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2019.
-
Abstract
- In this study, two hormones 17&beta<br />estradiol (E2) and 17&alpha<br />ethynylestradiol (EE2), and three phenolic compounds, bisphenol A (BPA), 4-N-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), were determined in surface water in the Cuautla River at the State of Morelos during the dry-season in Mexico. The endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) were extracted from water samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with end-capped C18, and then the extracts were chemically derivatized to TMS (trimethylsylane)-compounds and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). The most abundant compound was BPA (22.46 &plusmn<br />30.17 ng L&minus<br />1), followed by 4-t-OP (11.24 &plusmn<br />11.76 ng L&minus<br />1), 4-NP (7.53 &plusmn<br />14.88 ng L&minus<br />1), EE2 (2.37 &plusmn<br />4.36 ng L&minus<br />1) and E2 (0.97 &plusmn<br />1.82 ng L&minus<br />1). The residual amounts of target compounds could either reach stream surface water from direct domestic wastewater discharges, conventional wastewater treatment plant or can be a result from the use of agrochemicals in crop areas. The EDCs in Cuautla River exerted a high pressure on the aquatic ecosystem because their presences in surface water caused medium and high potential ecological risk. Besides, it was found that aquatic organisms were exposed to estrogenic activity.
- Subjects :
- Bisphenol A
estrogenicity
Geography, Planning and Development
0211 other engineering and technologies
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Aquatic Science
01 natural sciences
Biochemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
Endocrine system
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Water Science and Technology
021110 strategic, defence & security studies
hormones
Chemistry
Aquatic ecosystem
Extraction (chemistry)
surface water
disrupting compound
Wastewater
Environmental chemistry
phenolic
Sewage treatment
Gas chromatography
Surface water
steroids
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20734441
- Volume :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Water
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ea5aeffb0b95fe100633b08b1d9a25f8