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Morphine Potentiates Dysbiotic Microbial and Metabolic Shifts in Acute SIV Infection
- Source :
- J Neuroimmune Pharmacol
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018.
-
Abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pathogenesis has been closely linked with microbial translocation, which is believed to drive inflammation and HIV replication. Opioid drugs have been shown to worsen this symptom, leading to a faster progression of HIV infection to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The interaction of HIV and opioid drugs has not been studied at early stages of HIV, particularly in the gut microbiome where changes may precede translocation events. METHODS: This study modeled early HIV infection by examining Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected primates at 21 days or less both independently and in the context of opioid use. Fecal samples were analyzed both for 16S analysis of microbial populations as well as metabolite profiles via mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Our results indicate that changes are minor in SIV treated animals in the time points examined, however animals treated with morphine and SIV had significant changes in their microbial communities and metabolic profiles. This occurred in a time-independent fashion with morphine regardless of how long the animal had morphine in its system. CONCLUSIONS: Globally, the observed changes support that microbial dysbiosis is occurring in these animals at an early time, which likely contributes to the translocation events observed later in SIV/HIV pathogenesis. Additionally, metabolic changes were predictive of specific treatment groups, which could be further developed as a diagnostic tool or future intervention target to overcome and slow the progression of HIV infection to AIDS.
- Subjects :
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Male
0301 basic medicine
Immunology
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)
Context (language use)
Chromosomal translocation
Inflammation
medicine.disease_cause
Article
Pathogenesis
Feces
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
medicine
Animals
Immunology and Allergy
Pharmacology
Morphine
business.industry
virus diseases
Viral Load
Simian immunodeficiency virus
medicine.disease
Macaca mulatta
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Analgesics, Opioid
030104 developmental biology
Opioid
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
medicine.symptom
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15571904 and 15571890
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ea5429e8db429a6089a72428d3e041f1