Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcome of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Chinese Infants: A Population‐Based Survey

Background Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is commonly seen in children. There have been no reports of the true prevalence of CMPA in Chinese infants. The aim of this population-based study is to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of CMPA in Chinese infants. Methods We carried out a prospective survey in 7 participating hospitals throughout southern China. We included infants ≤12 months of age during the survey. For those suspected of CMPA, oral food challenge with cow's milk protein (CMP) was performed. A follow-up telephone interview was conducted at 12 months after the diagnosis to assess the clinical outcome of CMPA. Results A total of 9910 questionnaire surveys were distributed and 7364 (74.3%) were returned. The eligible survey number of surveys was 6768 (91.9%). A total of 182 infants was confirmed with CMPA, including 13 with anaphylactic reactions, 28 with clinical symptoms and serum immunoglobulin E (sIgE) >3.5 IU/mL, and 141 with positive CMP challenge test. The prevalence of CMPA was 2.69%. Infants with confirmed CMPA had significantly stronger family history of either 1 or both parents with food allergy, higher Cesarean section rate, and lower rate of breastfeeding, compared with those without CMPA. At 12-month telephone follow-up of 176 CMPA infants, 136 infants (77.3%) had become tolerant to CMP. Conclusions The prevalence of CMPA was 2.69%. CMPA infants had a strong family history of food allergy and atopy. Both Cesarean delivery and formula feeding were risk factors for CMPA. At 12-month follow-up, the majority of CMPA infants had become tolerant to CMP.