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Structurally Dependent Electrochemical Properties of Ultrafine Superparamagnetic ‘Core/Shell’ γ-Fe2O3/Defective α-Fe2O3 Composites in Hybrid Supercapacitors
- Source :
- Materials, Vol 14, Iss 6977, p 6977 (2021), Materials, Volume 14, Issue 22
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The paper presents a method for obtaining electrochemically active ultrafine composites of iron oxides, superparamagnetic ‘core/shell’ γ-Fe2O3/defective α-Fe2O3, which involved modifying sol-gel citrate synthesis, hydrothermal treatment of the formed sol, and subsequent annealing of materials in the air. The synthesized materials’ phase composition, magnetic microstructure, and structural, morphological characteristics have been determined via X-ray analysis, Mossbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and adsorption porometry. The mechanisms of phase stability were analyzed, and the model was suggested as FeOOH → γ-Fe2O3 → α-Fe2O3. It was found that the presence of chelating agents in hydrothermal synthesis encapsulated the nucleus of the new phase in the reactor and interfered with the direct processes of recrystallization of the structure with the subsequent formation of the α-Fe2O3 crystalline phase. Additionally, the conductive properties of the synthesized materials were determined by impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical activity of the synthesized materials was evaluated by the method of cyclic voltammetry using a three-electrode cell in a 3.5 M aqueous solution of KOH. For the ultrafine superparamagnetic ‘core/shell’ γ-Fe2O3/defective α-Fe2O composite with defective hematite structure and the presence of ultra-dispersed maghemite with particles in the superparamagnetic state was fixed increased electrochemical activity, and specific discharge capacity of the material is 177 F/g with a Coulomb efficiency of 85%. The prototypes of hybrid supercapacitor with work electrodes based on ultrafine composites superparamagnetic ‘core/shell’ γ-Fe2O3/defective α-Fe2O3 have a specific discharge capacity of 124 F/g with a Coulomb efficiency of 93% for current 10 mA.
- Subjects :
- Technology
Materials science
Recrystallization (geology)
Scanning electron microscope
Mossbauer spectroscopy
defective structure
superparamagnetism
Article
Phase (matter)
Hydrothermal synthesis
General Materials Science
Composite material
ultrafine composite
Microscopy
QC120-168.85
capacity
QH201-278.5
Microstructure
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Dielectric spectroscopy
TK1-9971
phase composition
Descriptive and experimental mechanics
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
Cyclic voltammetry
TA1-2040
Superparamagnetism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19961944
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 6977
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Materials
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ea1d1edd3d8356e0e1776a664173bfe6