Patterns of brain c-Fos expression in response to feeding behavior in acute and chronic inflammatory pain condition

Objectives Feeding behavior is known to have potential to alleviate pain. We recently demonstrated that both 24 h fasting and 2 h refeeding (food intake after 24 h fasting) induce analgesia in inflammatory pain conditions via different brain mechanisms. However, brain structures that distinctly involved fasting- and refeeding-induced analgesia is still unknown. Hence, this study is aimed to reveal brain structures mediating fasting- and refeeding-induced analgesia. Methods Mice were given intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of formalin and complete Freund's adjuvant into the left hind paw to induce acute and chronic inflammatory pain, respectively. We examined changes in c-Fos expression with 24 h fasting and 2 h refeeding under acute and chronic inflammatory pain conditions in the contralateral brain. Results Under acute pain condition, c-Fos expression changed with fasting in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), central amygdala (CeA), lateral hypothalamus (LH) and nucleus accumbens core (NAcC). Refeeding changed c-Fos expression in the CeA, LH and lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN). On the other hand, under chronic inflammatory pain condition, c-Fos expression changed with fasting in the lPBN, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) while refeeding changed c-Fos expression in the anterior insular cortex, lPBN, mPFC and NAcS. Conclusion The present results show that brain regions that participated in the fasting- and refeeding-induced analgesia were completely different in acute and chronic inflammatory pain conditions. Also, refeeding recruits more brain regions under chronic inflammatory pain conditions compared to the acute inflammatory pain condition. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into brain regions involved in fasting- and refeeding-induced analgesia, which can be potential neural circuit-based targets for the development of novel therapeutics.