Neurocognition in Bipolar and Depressive Schizoaffective Disorder: A Comparison with Schizophrenia

Introduction: Schizoaffective disorder (SA) is classified into bipolar (bSA) and depressive (dSA) subtypes. Although clinical differences between both have been reported, there is no clear information regarding their specific cognitive profile. Objective: To compare neurocognition between SA subtypes and schizophrenia (SC). Methods: A total of 61 patients were assessed and divided into 3 groups: 35 SC, 16 bSA, and 10 dSA. All participants signed an informed consent letter. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, Central and South American version was used to assess neurocognition. The study was performed at the Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”. Participants were identified by specialized psychiatrists. Trained neuropsychologists carried out the clinical and cognitive assessment, which lasted 2 h approximately. Results: The cognitive assessment showed a significant difference in Trail Making Test part A subtest (F[2,58] = 4.043; p = 0.023]. Post hoc analyses indicated that dSA obtained a significantly higher score than SC (MD = –11.523; p = 0.018). The f test showed a large effect size (f = 0.401). No statistical differences were observed regarding other cognitive variables. Conclusions: The cognitive profile of SA subtypes and SC is similar since no differences were found in most subtests. However, dSA may be less impaired than SC in measures of processing speed. Further research with larger samples must be conducted.