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Impact of citronellol on river and soil environments using non-target model organisms and natural populations
- Source :
- Journal of environmental management. 287
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Citronellol is an acyclic monoterpenoid with a wide range of pharmacological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, anti-lice, repellent, lipolytic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anti-cholesterol, among other) and potential to replace synthetic products. However, the impact of citronellol on the environment remains unknown. We analysed, for the first time, the environmental impact of citronellol on river and soil environments using non-target model organisms and natural populations. The acute toxicity of citronellol on the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna, the plant Allium cepa L and the earthworm Eisenia fetida was quantified. The effect of citronellol in a river ecosystem was analysed using river periphyton communities taxonomically characterised and a river microbial community characterised through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Finally, a microbial community from natural soil was used to monitor the effect of citronellol on the soil ecosystem. The results showed that E. fetida was most sensitive to citronellol (LC50 = 12.34 mg/L), followed by D. magna (LC50 = 14.11 mg/L). Citronellol affected the photosynthesis of the fluvial periphyton (LC50 = 94.10 mg/L) and was phytotoxic for A. cepa. Furthermore, citronellol modified the growth and metabolism of both fluvial (LC50 = 0.19% v/v) and edaphic (LC50 = 5.07% v/v) bacterial populations. The metabolism of the microorganisms in the soil and water exposed to citronellol decreased with respect to the control, especially their ability to metabolise carbohydrates. Our results show that citronellol has a negative impact on the environment. Although acute effects cannot be expected, it is necessary to quantify the environmental levels as well as the long-term and persistent effects of this monoterpene.
- Subjects :
- Eisenia fetida
Environmental Engineering
Monoterpene
Acyclic Monoterpenes
0208 environmental biotechnology
Daphnia magna
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
01 natural sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Soil
Rivers
Botany
Ecotoxicology
Animals
Soil Pollutants
Periphyton
Oligochaeta
Waste Management and Disposal
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Citronellol
biology
Edaphic
General Medicine
biology.organism_classification
020801 environmental engineering
Microbial population biology
chemistry
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10958630
- Volume :
- 287
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of environmental management
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e6d3c245d61dfd9ef8911e23b7225bc9