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Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses During Aquatic Exercise in Water at Different Temperatures in Older Adults
- Source :
- Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 86:163-171
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Informa UK Limited, 2014.
-
Abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during upper-body aquatic exercises in older adults with different pool temperatures.Eleven older men (aged 65 years and older) underwent 2 identical aquatic exercise sessions that consisted of 3 upper-body exercises using progressive intensities (30, 35, and 40 metronome beat · min(- 1)) on separate visits. Water temperatures for the visits were 28°C (cold water [CW]) and 36°C (hot water [HW]), and water depth ranged from 1.2 m to 1.4 m. Measurements for heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen consumption (VO2), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were compared between the CW and HW conditions.The comparison between temperatures showed a higher HR response during exercise in HW, particularly when participants exercised at the highest intensities. During a 30-min postexercise period in resting conditions, HR was statistically significantly higher for the HW condition compared with the CW condition, with a large effect size (15.9%, d = 1.23). Systolic and diastolic BPs were found to be lower for the HW condition ( - 7.2%, d = - 0.60; - 10.1%, d = - 0.65), while VO2 and RPE showed no differences. The effect size between double products (HR · systolic BP) for the 2 conditions was small (CW = 8,649 ± 1,287, HW = 9,340 ± 1,672; d = 0.36), suggesting similar myocardial oxygen requirements.This study showed that HR response was higher in an HW condition for older men. Warmer environments may add additional stressors to the body, which may impact training strategies and should be considered when estimating the effort of performing aquatic exercise.
- Subjects :
- Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Physical Exertion
Blood Pressure
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Metronome
Perceived exertion
law.invention
Oxygen Consumption
Animal science
Heart Rate
law
Heart rate
medicine
Humans
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Exercise physiology
Exercise
Swimming
Aged
business.industry
Temperature
Aquatic exercise
Water
General Medicine
Physiological responses
Water depth
Blood pressure
Nephrology
Physical therapy
Perception
Energy Metabolism
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 21683824 and 02701367
- Volume :
- 86
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e59f15812a8598cdd05e26252bb36f44