One-electron activation of water oxidation catalysis

Rapid water oxidation catalysis is observed following electrochemical oxidation of [Ru(II)(tpy)(bpz)(OH)](+) to [Ru(V)(tpy)(bpz)(O)](3+) in basic solutions with added buffers. Under these conditions, water oxidation is dominated by base-assisted Atom Proton Transfer (APT) and direct reaction with OH(-). More importantly, we report here that the Ru(IV)═O(2+) form of the catalyst, produced by 1e(-) oxidation of [Ru(II)(tpy)(bpz)(OH2)](2+) to Ru(III) followed by disproportionation to [Ru(IV)(tpy)(bpz)(O)](2+) and [Ru(II)(tpy)(bpz)(OH2)](2+), is also a competent water oxidation catalyst. The rate of water oxidation by [Ru(IV)(tpy)(bpz)(O)](2+) is greatly accelerated with added PO4(3-) with a turnover frequency of 5.4 s(-1) reached at pH 11.6 with 1 M PO4(3-) at an overpotential of only 180 mV.