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Ecological correlates of the morphology of the auditory bulla in rodents: Application to the fossil record
- Source :
- Journal of Anatomy. 240:647-668
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2021.
-
Abstract
- For rodents, hearing is essential to survival. It enables predator evasion, prey detection, and conspecific recognition; it is also likely to be constrained by the physical environment. The resulting hypothetical link between tympanic bulla morphology and ecology has never been investigated across a broad array of rodent species before. Such link may enable the determination of the ecological affinities of many fossil species only known from partial skulls. In this study, we used geometric morphometrics to quantify the shape of the auditory bulla of 197 specimens representing 91 species from 17 families of extant rodents across four different locomotory modes. We used landmarks and semi-landmarks on the ventral and lateral views of the skull to capture morphological characteristics of the bulla and external auditory meatus (EAM). Our results demonstrate an association between bullar morphology and locomotion in rodents. Bullar shape enables the correct classification of 76% of the species in our training set. Fossorial taxa, in particular, show a characteristic morphology including an asymmetric bulla with a dorsally located and laterally expanded EAM that has a small opening diameter. A phylogenetically informed flexible discriminant analysis shows a weak phylogenetic effect on tympanic morphology. There is no evidence for differences in bullar hypertrophy across locomotory categories. The application of this approach to select fossil rodents from the Oligo-Miocene shows broad agreements with prior studies and yields new locomotory inferences for 14 fossil species, including the first proposed locomotion for members of the family Florentiamyidae. Such results call for the timing of burrowing diversification in rodents to be reevaluated.
- Subjects :
- Morphometrics
Histology
Rodent
biology
Fossils
Ecology
Skull
Prey detection
Fossorial
Rodentia
Morphology (biology)
Cell Biology
Blister
medicine.anatomical_structure
Taxon
biology.animal
medicine
Animals
Anatomy
Molecular Biology
Bulla (amulet)
Phylogeny
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Developmental Biology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14697580 and 00218782
- Volume :
- 240
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Anatomy
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e4a531303953b46350394dc4b18992a5