Effect of Karst Microhabitats on the Structure and Function of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community of Rhododendron pudingense

Soil microbes play an important role in the microbial circulation and energy flow of ecosystems. In order to understand the change in the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and function in the heterogeneous karst habitats, the nutrient content and enzyme activity were analyzed, and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the composition, quantity and functional types of the rhizosphere soil microbial community in Rhododendron pudingense under three kinds of karst microhabitats (soil surface, rock gully and rock surface) in Wangmo Country (WM), Zhenning Country (ZN) and Qinglong Country (QL). The results showed that SS and RG microhabitats had a higher nutrient content and enzyme activity, while RS had the lowest. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes were dominant in terms of bacteria, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycotina were dominant in terms of fungi. There was no significant difference in microbial diversity among different karst microhabitats (p > 0.05). At the microbial genus level, there were some differences in species composition among the three karst microhabitats, which may lead to soil heterogeneity in karst microhabitats. WM was a little different from ZN and QL. The results of PCoA showed that the community composition of RG and RS was more similar to that of SS. There was no significant difference in microbial functional types among different microhabitats (p > 0.05). Only the abundance of pathothoph-symbiothoph fungi in RG was significantly higher than that in RS (p < 0.05). The main function of bacteria was metabolism, and saprophytic and symbiotic fungi were the dominant fungal group. In conclusion, soil organic carbon and alkaline phosphatase are important factors affecting the level distribution of microflora in different karst microhabitats. R. pudingense in the SS and RG microhabitats has better soil conditions, which may require protection for the plants in the RS microhabitat. The current study results can provide a theoretical basis for the adaptation mechanism of Rhododendron pudingense to the karst microhabitat.