Association of caveolin-1 gene polymorphism with kidney transplant fibrosis and allograft failure

CONTEXT: Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is an inhibitor of tissue fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To study the association of CAV1 gene variation with kidney transplant outcome, using kidney transplantation as a model of accelerated fibrosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Candidate gene association and validation study. Genomic DNA from 785 white kidney transplant donors and their respective recipients (transplantations in Birmingham, England, between 1996 and 2006; median follow-up, 81 months) were analyzed for common variation in CAV1 using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach. Validation of positive findings was sought in an independent kidney transplant donor-recipient cohort (transplantations in Belfast, Northern Ireland, between 1986 and 2005; n = 697; median follow-up, 69 months). Association between genotype and allograft failure was initially assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, then in an adjusted Cox model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Death-censored allograft failure, defined as a return to dialysis or retransplantation. RESULTS: The presence of donor AA genotype for the CAV1 rs4730751 SNP was associated with increased risk of allograft failure in the Birmingham group (donor AA vs non-AA genotype in adjusted Cox model, hazard ratio [HR], 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-3.16; P = .002). No other tag SNPs showed a significant association. This finding was validated in the Belfast cohort (in adjusted Cox model, HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07-2.27; P = .02). Overall graft failure rates were as follows: for the Birmingham cohort, donor genotype AA, 22 of 57 (38.6%); genotype CC, 96 of 431 (22.3%); and genotype AC, 66 of 297 (22.2%); and for the Belfast cohort, donor genotype AA, 32 of 48 (67%); genotype CC, 150 of 358 (42%); and genotype AC, 119 of 273 (44%). CONCLUSION: Among kidney transplant donors, the CAV1 rs4730751 SNP was significantly associated with allograft failure in 2 independent cohorts.