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WLTC and real-driving emissions for an autochthonous biofuel from wine-industry waste
- Source :
- Scientific Reports, Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Residues from the wine industry constitute an abundant feedstock for biodiesel production in wine-producing countries. The use of grapeseed oil, together with bioethanol obtained from distillation of wine surplus or grape skins and stalks and wine lees, as reagents in the transesterification reaction, results in a mixture of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), which is a fully renewable, autochthonous, and waste-derived biofuel. In this work, a blend of FAEE produced from grape seed oil with diesel fuel was selected based on a study of fuel properties, and the optimal blend, with 30% v/v of FAEE, was tested in a Euro 6 engine following the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC) and a Real Driving Emissions Cycle (RDE), as required in the new certification procedures. Engine performance and emissions from this blend and a commercial diesel fuel were compared. The FAEE blend showed a significant potential to reduce particle emissions, both in mass and number (from 23% in number to 46.5% in mass for WLTC, and from 56% in number to 61% in mass for RDE), and CO (25.5% for WLTC and 39% for RDE) but penalized NOx (32% higher in WLTC and 26.4% higher in RDE).
- Subjects :
- food.ingredient
Science
Energy science and technology
020209 energy
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Raw material
01 natural sciences
Lees
Article
Grape seed oil
Diesel fuel
Engineering
food
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Wine
Multidisciplinary
business.industry
Pulp and paper industry
Renewable energy
Environmental sciences
Biofuel
Biodiesel production
Medicine
Environmental science
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20452322
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Scientific reports
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e392df93561e3388bce67d88a49a2d0a