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K65R and K65A substitutions in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enhance polymerase fidelity by decreasing both dNTP misinsertion and mispaired primer extension efficiencies
- Publication Year :
- 2010
-
Abstract
- Lys65 residue, in the fingers domain of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (RT), interacts with incoming dNTP in a sequence-independent fashion. We showed previously that a 5-amino-acid deletion spanning Lys65 and a K65A substitution both enhanced the fidelity of dNTP insertion. We hypothesized that the Lys65 residue enhances dNTP misinsertion via interactions with the gamma-phosphate of the incoming dNTP. We now examine this hypothesis in pre-steady-state kinetic studies using wild-type human immunodeficiency virus-1 RT and two substitution mutants, K65A and K65R. K65R mutation did not greatly increase misinsertion fidelity, but K65A mutation led to higher incorporation fidelity. For a misinsertion to become a permanent error, it needs to be accompanied by the extension of the mispaired terminus thus formed. Both mutants and the wild-type enzyme discriminated against the mismatched primer at the catalytic step (k(pol)). Additionally, K65A and K65R mutants displayed a further decrease in mismatch extension efficiency, primarily at the level of dNTP binding. We employed hydroxyl radical footprinting to determine the position of the RT on the primer/template. The wild-type and Lys65-substituted enzymes occupied the same position at the primer terminus; the presence of a mismatched primer terminus caused all three enzymes to be displaced to a -2 position relative to the primer 3' end. In the context of an efficiently extended mismatched terminus, the presence of the next complementary nucleotide overcame the displacement, resulting in a complex resembling the matched terminus. The results are consistent with the observed reduction in k(pol) in mispaired primer extension being due to the position of the enzyme at a mismatched terminus. Our work shows the influence of the stabilizing interactions of Lys65 with the incoming dNTP on two different aspects of polymerase fidelity.
- Subjects :
- Mutant
DNA footprinting
Context (language use)
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
medicine.disease_cause
Arginine
DNA Mismatch Repair
Models, Biological
Primer extension
Article
Structure-Activity Relationship
Structural Biology
medicine
Molecular Biology
Polymerase
DNA Primers
Mutation
Alanine
biology
Nucleotides
Lysine
Templates, Genetic
Molecular biology
Reverse transcriptase
HIV Reverse Transcriptase
Up-Regulation
Mutagenesis, Insertional
Amino Acid Substitution
biology.protein
Primer (molecular biology)
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e37427cd53a4a91291eb9c3b79bda382